It
has been said that Genghis Khan, one of the most famous conquerors in history,
was the first to honor fallen warriors by having the rider’s horse led to the
burial site. The bond between the soldier and his horse was expected to last
the length of the animal’s life. If a warrior died before the horse, the animal
was sacrificed with the belief that the master was waiting for his steed at
“the gate in the sky.”
Known
as a “caparisoned horse” these riderless horses have been used in funeral rites
for centuries. The “Cap Horse” is led by the “Cap Walker” to the cemetery. The riderless horse
is used mainly in Presidential, Secretary of Defense, and military funerals for
those with the rank of Colonel or above.
What
the horse carries on his back during the funeral depends on his color. A black
horse carries a saddle blanket, saddle and bridle. Any other color horse carries
a folded hood and cape along with the saddle, blanket and bridle.
The
boots of the deceased are placed backwards in the stir-ups to symbolize the rider’s one final look back before continuing on in death.
Several
presidents have chosen to be honored in this way. According to White House
history, George Washington’s personal secretary, Tobias Lear noted that Washington’s
“horse, with his saddle, holsters and pistols (was) led by two grooms, Cyrus
and Wilson” in his funeral procession. Zackery Taylor, twelfth president of the United States, had his
horse, Old Whitey, lead his funeral procession.
Old
Bob
Abraham Lincoln was the first president honored with a cap horse in a state
funeral. Lincoln’s horse, Old Bob, followed his master’s casket from the White
House to the Capitol Rotunda where Lincoln was to lay in state. When his casket was
carried to Oak Ridge Cemetery in Springfield, Illinois, again Old Bob followed
behind. Both times Lincoln’s boots had been placed backwards in the horse’s
stir ups.
Black
Jack
The
most famous riderless horse was a Morgan-American Quarter horse named Black Jack for General John J. Pershing. Born on January 19, 1947, Black Jack was one
of the last horses issued to the U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps. He arrived in
Fort Myer, Virginia in late 1952 standing fifteen hands high and weighting
1,050 pounds.
Over
the next two decades, Black Jack took part in the funerals for Presidents
Herbert Hoover, John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson along with 5-star General
Douglas MacArthur. He also accompanied more than one-thousand soldiers and retired military to their graves, mostly in ceremonies in Arlington Cemetery.
Black
Jack had many fans who went to visit, sent him holiday cards and requested
locks of his hair.
Black
Jack died on February 6, 1976 after serving 29 years in the military. He was
cremated and his remains buried at Fort Myer on Summerall Field. Black Jack is one of only
two horses to have been buried with full military honors. (The other was Comanche, a survivor of the battle of Little Big Horn in 1876.)
Sergeant
York
This
standard bred gelding was once known as “Allaboard Jules” during his racing days. Sgt. York was
accepted into the military in 1997 and renamed in honor of WWI soldier Alvin C.
York.
It was Sergeant
York that served as Cap Horse for the 40th president, walking behind the caisson bearing President Ronald Reagan’s casket in 2004.
You
can lean more at The Caisson Stables, which includes a small museum at Fort Myer in Virginia. There visitors can see the horses that work
at Arlington Cemetery and learn more about the unique tradition of the
riderless horse. Included is a tour of the stables and tack room, and
afterwards you can pay your respects at the grave of Black Jack.
~
Joy
